Cyberspace, coined by William Gibson in his scifi novel Neuromancer on 1984, consists of both interconnected network infrastructures that manage sites or devices with information circulating therein, and the information itself and the human being to which information refer. Since 2009 the US military strategy recognizes Cyberspace as a warzone and the US Government established the United States Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM) for tasks related to cyber conflicts. The NATO has officially declared Cyberspace a warfare domain and confirmed that a cyberattack on any of its allies will be considered as an act of war. A cyberattack on one of the NATO member states would activate Article 5 and call for a response of the alliance, depending on the seriousness of the Cyberattack, where, behind these attacks, however there are always hidden economic and military interests.Now in modern geopolitics we have to protect digital borders and the Cyber Space has become the 5th domain , after Air, Sea, Land and Space. To address cyberattacks we must apply cyber resilience.
1 Clearnet
The internet accessible by everyone and indexed by search engines.According to some estimates the Clear Web represents about 6% of the Internet. What we can reach with a Google search or by typing a website turns out to be nothing compared to the amount of all the data found online.
2 Deepweb
Deep Web generally means the entire part of the internet that is not directly accessible and that is not indexed by search engines.This part of the internet is thought to represent 94% of the total and consists of backup servers, Network Attached Storage (NAS), IoT like videosurvelliance systems or Split for Air conditioner and so on.
3 Darkweb
For Dark Web on the other hand, we mean an internet that is accessible only with special software and that usually guarantees user privacy: an example is the Tor network. It is a subset of the Deep Web to access the contents both legal (personal blogs, forums) and illegal (arms shop, drugs)